Internal-combustion pressure-generator.



E. G. WARREN.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION PRESSURE GENERATOR.

APPLIOATION FILED JAN. 22, 1904. I 91 339, Patented Jan.10,191&.

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L INVENTOR: [UM/f [AW/570197 Wi E. G. WARREN. INTERNAL COMBUSTIONPRESSURE GENERATOR. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 22, 1904.

' Patented Jan. 10, 19M.

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IIII' IIIIIIIIII I I I I IIIIIII II I II I II I II I I IIL E. G. WARREN.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION PRESSURE GENERATOR. APPLICATION FILED 3111.22,19:14.

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. ITNESSES: INVEN-TOR;

Patented Jan. 10, 1911.

To all whom it may concern? UNITED srarns PATENT orrron.

EDWARD G. WARREN, F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PBESSIJ'RE-GENERATOR.

Be it known that I, EDWARD C. WARREN,

of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Pressure-Generators,whereof the following is a specification, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings.

My invention comprises an internal combustion generator, which producesa continuous controllable gaseous pressure from the combustion andexpansion of liquid fuel,

. and in which I utilize the heat of the gaseous combustion both for theheating of water for the production of steam, the pressure of which isused in combination with that of the gases ofcombustion, and for thepurpose of preheating air which is supplied to the combustion v chamberwith the fuel. My generator also includes means for atomizing the liquidfuel whereby complete combustion is obtained, and an automatic pressuregovernor whereby under varying conditions of load a uniform pressure maybe maintained without varying the proportions in which the fuel and airare admitted for the purpose of combustion.

Special advantages which I obtain by my invention are the prevention ofthe loss of energy due to radiation from the combustion chamber of heatwhich is ordinarily absorbcd and wasted in a water jacket; also theprevention of loss by radiation'from the outside of the water chamber bymeans of lagging and an air jacket with utilization of the heatcommunicating to the air jacket; also the cylinder walls and internalparts of the engine in which the pressure is utilized are preserved iromcorrosion by the gaseous products 0 combustion by reason of the steamwhich is mingled with the gas.

I have shown in the drawings, and will now describe an embodimentofmyinvention illustrating the principle of construction whichl employ,but it will be understood that'my'invention admits of great variationand adaptation of parts. As illustrated, the generator is utilized forthe operation of a rotary engine upon theshaft of which a dynamo ismounted, but my generator may be used with other sorts of en ines.

Figure I, is an elevation o the generator showing also the rotaryengine, dynamo, supply cylinders and connectlons. Fig. II,

Specification of Letters Patent.

- ber.

is a central Vertical section of the generator.

Fig. III, is an enlarged similar section of the parts at the base of thegenerator showing in greater detail the atomizing and regulatingdevices.

1, is the generator which is mounted on a suitable base 2, andsurmountedby a .pressuredome'3, from which the pressure main 4, leads to a rotaryengine 5, upon the shaft of which a dynamo 6 is shown.

7, is an air pump operated by the engine 5, which by means of thepip'ing8, 8,- maintains continuous air pressure in both the fuel supplycylinder 9, and the Watersupply cylinder 10.

11, is the combustion chamber. It is surmounted by a narrowed extensionor tube 12, leading nearly to the top of the generator. Atomized liquidfuel, combined with a suflicient quantity of air, is fed into thecombustion chamber through the orifice 13. An additional supply of air,enters the combustion chamber through the annular slot 14, immediatelysurrounding the orifice 13, insuring complete combust1on.. Thecombustible element is ignited by an incandescent arched tube 15, heatedby an internal gas flame.

16, is a flaring cone surrounding the orilice in the base of thecombustion chamber and directing the flow of air from the annular slot14, so as to create a layer of air between the combustion elements andthe consumed gases which occupy the outer portions of the combustionchamber. is lined with fire brick. It projects up into the combustionchamber and thereby pro- Patented Jan. 10, 1911. Application filedJanuary 22, 1904. Serial No. 190,148.

The cone tects the parts adjacent to its bottom from i too intense heat.

17, is an annular water chamber completely surrounding the combustioncham- The wall of the water chamber has-no offset corresponding to thatformed by the narrowed extension of the combustionchamber consequentlythe water when at its normal level -18, covers the top of the combustionchamber. Considerable space, surrounding the narrowed extension of thecombustion chamber, is-left above the water level, which serves as anebullition chamber.

The water enters the water chamber through the aperture 19, in its baseby way of the water pipe 20, leading from the water reservoir 10. i j

- 21, is anannular space with a packing of lagging surrounding the waterchamber.

22, is an annular air chamber surrounding the chamber 21, and of whichthe outer wall is the shell of the generator.

Liquid fuel contained within the supply cylinder 9, is forced throughthe pipe 23, into a valve chamber 24, whence it passes by the aperture25, to the vertical passage 26, where it is met at intervals by air jets27. Of these, the lowermost jet enters at the bottom of the passage 26.The others enter at the sides thereof at varying angles. All of theseair jets are supplied with air under pressure from an air chamber 28,which almost surrounds the passage 26, and which receives air by thepipe 29, leading from the air pipe 8.. For the regulation of thefineness and force of these air jets an interior adjustable conicalvalve 30, controls each of the air jets. In addition to the air jets,the passage 26, has interposed within it a wire gauze 31. By reason ofthe different angles at which the air jets are disposed and with the aidof the wire gauze the stream of liquid fuel flowing through the passage26, is converted into afinely divided or atomized spray in whichcondition it issues from the orifice 13, in the base of the combustionchamber.

The piping 8, 8, carrying air under'pressure from the pump enters areducing valve 32, by which a constant pressure less than that in thepipe, is maintained and introduced by the orifice 33, into the upper endof the 'air chamber 22. Thence it passes down throu h the air chamber,absorbing heat in its escent, and. enters a space 24, provided for it inthe base plate of the combustion chamber, from whence it passes through.the annular orifice 14, into the combustion, chamber.

. It will be observed that substantially a complete conservation of theheat of the combustion chamber is thus obtained, the heat which in theordinary internal combustion engine is lost by radiation into a Waterjacket being utilized to convert the Water in the water, chamber 17,into steam. The steam thus produced fills the upper part ofthe waterchamber and after passmg around battle plates 35, 35, mingles with thegaseous products of combustion issuing from thetube 12, at the top ofthe combustion chamber, so that both pressure-supplying elements unitewithin the dome 3, from whence the pressure thus produced is led by thepressuremain4, to the place where it is to be utilized. Any gas or heatradiated from the water chamber 17, through the lagging 21, passes tothe air in the air chamber by which it is returned to the combustionchamber. Upon the dome 3, is mounted a safety valve 36. I

The water in the water chamber should be maintainedat a level somewhatabove the offset of the combustion chamber. This is eeneae the. supplyof fuel, the pressure within the generator is kept under constantandautomatic regulation. For this purpose there is provided an electricalregulating device which I will now describe. The valve chamber 24,(which is seen in detail in Fig. III), contains a valve 38, whichcontrols the orifice 25, by means of which the oil enters the passage26. The stem of this valve carries an armature 39. At its base is acoiled spring 40, constantly tending to close the valve, and surroundingthe valve stem is a wire coil 41, acting as an electro magnet which whenenergized attracts the armature .39, and opens the valve to its fullextent against pressure of the spring 40. The electric circults withinwhich the coil 41, is interposed is diagrammatically indicated in Fig.III. It includes a battery 42, or othersource of electric current, andthe-pressure regulator 43, which as shown in Fig. II, may be preferablymounted uponthe side of the generator and near the top thereof. It is 1ncom munication by a passage 44, with the air chamber 22, the pressure inwhich is constantly dependent upon the internal pressureof thegenerator. .Within the pressure regulator is mounted the flexiblediaphragm 45, having a contact point 46, upon its upper surface which isopposed by a contact point 47, adjustably set in the upper side of thepressure regulator.

comcsexcessive it presses the diaphragm 45,

against the tension of the spring48, and separates the contact points46, and 47, breaking the circuit. This immediately causes the valve 38,to close the opening 25, and entirely shut off the supply of oil to thecombustion chamber. The valve remains closed until the decreasingpressure in the combustion chamber allows the diaphragm in the pressureregulator to rise again whereupon, the circuit is againfclosed and thevalve 38, completely opened, thus maintaining a supply of, thecombustible element which always bears a-fised proportion to the airsupply, except when for pur poses of regulation the combustible elementis wholly'shut oil". The incandescent tube 15, is ternally byfa gasflame which is supplied heated ine with gas by pipe 50, and with airunder pressure by the pipe 51. The pipe 50, has interposed in it a valvechamber 53, containing a spring pressed valve 54, which is normally heldopen. The top of the stem of this valve carries a plate 55, which restsnear the bottom of one of the chambers in the base plate of thegenerator with which the porcelain tube is connected, and by way ofwhich the products of the combustion of the gas flame within the tubeare led away. In case of the accidental breaking of the tube theexternal pressure of the generator meeting the plate 55, will force itdown, closing valve 54, and wholly shutting off the supply of gas to thetube. At the same time the downward inotionof the valve 541, depressesan insulating arm 56, which separates two contact points 57, 57,interposed within the electrical circuit by which the supply of fuel tothe generator is regulated, thus instantly breaking the circuit,effecting the closure of the valve 38, and shutting off any furthersupply of fuel to the generator.

1. In a pressure generator, the combination of a combustion chamber;means for producing both pressure and heat by the ignition ofcombustible elements therein; a

water chamber surrounding the combustion chamber'and freelycommunicating-with it at its top, whereby the heat in the combustionchamber converts the water into steam which mingles its pressure withthat produced by the ignition of combustible ele ments in the combustionchamber; an air chamber surrounding the water chamber; a source ofcompressed air; a conduit connecting said source with said air chamber;pressure regulating, means in said conduit between said source andchamber; and means for causing the air which has been heated in the airchamber by heat radiating from the combustion chamber through the waterchamber to be fed into the combustion cham- "ber and be there utilizedin effecting the combustion of the combustible elements thereinsupplied.

2. In a pressure generator, the combination of a combustion chamber; anorifice thereto with means for feeding therethrough a supply pfaton'iized liquid fuel; an annular orifice surrounding said firstmentioned orifice; means for feeding heated air through said annularorifice; and an arched tube spanning both said orifices, with means forrendering said tube incandescent.

3. In a pressure generator, the combination of a combustion chamber; anorifice thereto with means for feeding therethrough a supply of atomizedliquid fuel; an annular orifice surrounding said first mentionedorifice; means for feeding heated air through said annular orifice; anignition device spanning both said orifices; and an outwardly flaringcone surrounding both said orifices and also the ignition device.

4. In a pressure generator, the combination of a combustion chamber; anorifice and connecting passage for feeding combustible elements thereto;an air chamber surrounding said passage; means for feeding liquid fuelto said passage; and a series of valvecontrolled apertures connectingthe passage with its surrounding air chamber, through which air jetsenter the passage and atomize the liquid fuel supplied therethrough.

5. In a pressure generator, the combination .of a combustion chamber; anorifice and connecting passage for feeding combustible elements thereto;an air chamber surrounding said passage; means for feeding liquid fuelto said passage; a series of valve-controlled apertures connecting saidpassage with its surrounding air chamber, through which air jets enterthe passage and atomizethe fuel supplied therethrough, with means foradjusting said valves from the exterior of said chamber.

6. In a pressure generator, the combination of a combustion chamber;means for admitting both liquid fuel and air; a spring projected valvecontrolling the fuel supply which the full projection of the valve shutsoff; a. coil by the electrical excitation of which the valve is fullyopened; an electrical circuit whereby the coil is excited; and meanswhereby an excess of pressure within the generator breaks said circuitand wholly shuts off the fuel supply.

7. In a pressure generator, the combination of a combustion chamber;means for admitting both liquid fuel and air; a spring projected valvecontrolling the fuel supply which the full projection of the valve shutsoff; a coil by the electrical excitation of which the valve is fullyopened; an electrical circuit whereby the coil is excited; anincandescent tube within the combustion chamber whereby the combustibleelements therein are ignited; and means whereby the breaking of saidtube breaks the electrical circuit thereby wholly shutting off the fuelsupply.

8. In a pressure generator, the combination of a combustion chamber; anair chamber surrounding the same and engaging therewith; means forfeeding atomized liquid fuel to said combustion chamber; a valve forcontrolling the supply of liquid fuel under the control of an electriccoil; an electrical circuit controlling said coil; and means.

whereby an excess of pressure in the air chamber aflects said electricalcircuit and thereby closes the fuel supply valve.

9. In a pressure generator, the combination of a combustion chamberhaving an orifice through which atomized liquid fuel mingled with air iscontinuously fed; an annular orifice surrounding the first through whichan additional supply of air is continuously fed; an ignition device inproximityv to these orifices; and a flaring cone surrounding bothorifices and the ignition device, and preventing dispersion of thecombustible elements prior to ignition.

10. In a pressure generator, the combination of the combustion chamberhaving an orifice; a passage way connecting said orifice with areceptacle containing liquid fuel under pressure; and a plurality of airjets interrupting said passage way, whereby the liquid fuel is atomizedin the passage and convertedinto a finely divided spray deliveredthrough the orifice into the combustion chamber.

11. In a pressure generator, the combina tion of the combustion chamberhaving an orifice; a passage way connecting said orifice with areceptacle containing liquid fuel under pressure; and, a plurality ofair jets meeting said passage way at di'tferent angles and interruptingthe same, whereby the liquid fuel is atomized in the passage andconverted into a finely divided spray delivered through the orifice intothe combustion chamber.

12. In a pressure generator, the combination of a combustion chamber;means for continuously maintaining a constant and fixed supply of airthereto; and, means for intermittently supplying a fixed quantity orliquid fuel thereto.

13. In a pressure generator, the combination of a combustion chamber;means for feeding thereto a finely divided spray of atomized liquid fueland air mingled in fixed proportions; means for regulating the pressurewithin said combustion" chamber, comprising a fuel valve; and, meanswhereby excess of pressure in the combustion chamber completely closesthe valve, and reduction of pressure completely opens it.

14. In a pressure generator, the combination of a combustion chamber; apipe leading thereto; means for supplying liquid fuel under pressure tothe combustion chamber through said pipe; means for simultaneouslydirecting an air jet against the liquid fuel as it passes through thepipe to the combustion chamber, whereby it is atomized; and, a valve,whereby, without varying the quantity of air supplied by the air jet,the supply of liquid fuel is maintained constant except whenintermittently wholly shut ofi', so that the fuel, if supplied at all,is supplied in fixed proportion to the air.

15. In a pressuregenerator, the combination of a cylindrical combustionchamber; means for producing heat and gaseous pressure therein; anannular water chamber'surrounding the same; an annular packing oflagging surrounding the water chamber; an annular air chambersurrounding the lag ging, and, means regulating the pressure of air insaid air chamber.

16. In a pressure generator, the combination of a combustion chamber;means for feeding liquid fuel mingled with air thereto'; a valvecontrolling the fuel supply; an electrical coil by which said valve'isactuated; and means whereby the circuit which includes said coil is madeor'broken in accordance with the pressure in the generator.

, 17. In a pressure generator, the combination of a combustionchamberhaving an orifice for the supply of combustible thereto;

a valve controlling the supply of combustible; an electrical coilwhereby said valve s controlled; a diaphragm forming one wall of apressure chamber which is in communication with the fluid under pressurein the interior of the combustion chamber; and, an

controls the valve, which circuit is afiected by the movement of saiddiaphragm.

18. In a pressure generator, the comb1nation of a combustion chamberhaving an orifice through which combustible is fed; a valve controllingthe said orifice; means whereby excessive pressure within thegern oratorcloses the valve; and means whereby the normal pressure within thegenerator opens the valve. r

19. In a pressure generator, the combination of a combustion chamberhaving an orifice through which combustible is fed to it; a valvecontrolling said orifice; electrical coils surrounding the stem or thisvalve and by the passage of a current through one or the other of whichthe valve is respectively opened or closed; means whereby excess ofpressure within the generator energizes the coil to close the valve;and, means whereby the normal pressure within the generator energizesthe coil to open the valve.

20. In a pressure generator, the combination of a combustion chamberhaving an orifice whereby combustible is fed thereto; an electricaligniting device within the generator in proximity to the orifice; avalve controlling said orifice; and, an electric coil whereby the saidvalve is controlled, the circuit of which includes the igniting device;whereby, upon the breaking or the igniting device the valve isautomatically closed and the supply of the fuel shut oil.

21. In a pressure generator, a regulating device consisting of a'valvecontrolling an orifice through which combustible is fed thereto; anarmature connected with the stem of said valve; two coils acting uponopposite sides of said armature; one of which when energized opens saidvalve, and;

the other of which when energizedcloses said valveya diaphragniforming awallet a pressure chamber having a passage whereby fiuid under pressurein the generator is admitted to said pressure chamber; contact pointsfixed to said diaphragm; and, electrical connections; whereby the motionof electrical circuit including the coil which the diaphragm due toexcessivepressure In testimony whereof, I have hereunto within thegenerator energizes the 0011 which signed my name, at Philadelphia,Pennsylcloses the valve, While the return of the Vania, this seventh dayof January 190%.

diaphragm t0 the position permitted by nor- EDl/VARD C. WARREN. malpressure energizes the coil by which mo- I Witnesses: tion of thearmature is effected to open the JAMES H. BELL,

valve. E. L. FULLERTON.

